Friday, 1 March 2013

Wool recyckling




Wool recycling
Recycled or in other terms remanufactured wool historically generated from loosely woven materials. Benjamin Law has invented the shoddy and mungo in England in 1813. He was the first one on the large scale to collect old clothes and grind them into a fibrous state that could be re-spun into yarns.
Wool recycling process is similar to the cotton recycling process. Recycled wool is a natural fiber reusing pre-consumer or post-consumer wool waste. The pre-consumer wool waste is the waste that is left during the process of manufacturing new garments, for example leftovers from factory cutting rooms, excess/ unsold production. Post-consumer waste is coming from the consumer’s household, for example home textile and used apparel.
The process of recycling wool first starts with separation and sorting by color and quality. Afterwards the items are placed into the stripping machines which brake the fabric into pieces. The fibers are then pulled apart and the fiber mixture is carded several times to clean and mix the fibers before spinning them into the yarns.  The carding process allows using even the sort fibers and it blends them into the most variable compositions the result of this is that the yarn has the particular aspect and properties differing to commonly used worsted yarn. The recycles wool may be mixed with raw wool, wool noil, or other fibers such as cotton and the meaning of this mix is to increase the average fiber length. This type of yarns is usually used as weft yarns with cotton warp. [1][2]
Also I have found an interesting article about wool recycling:
Cardato regenerated co2 neutral is the world’s first certified ‘zero emissions’ textile product.  It is made with recycled wool from the Prato District and has limited impact on the environment. Carbon emissions are calculated and then offset through the purchase of green credits.
Carding is a specific way of processing fibers. The yarns are produced using virgin fibers but also reusing fibers obtained from recycling old clothing or knits, and cuttings of new fabrics used in the garment industry. The important feature of this process is that it can use short fibers and different lengths, in blends of the most variable composition. The result is a yarn with a particular aspect that distinguishes it from the other type of yarn knows as worsted.
Regenerated wool provided, for over a century, a phenomenal opportunity for the development and growth of the textile district of Prato on world markets.

The techniques of the “recycling process” in addition to being fascinating to watch indicate a culture that has concern for the environment, respect for human resources and a tradition of skill and serious professional entrepreneurship.
The use of regenerated fibers has been neglected in recent years with the discovery of new synthetics and the growing demand for more expensive virgin fibers, partly as the response to expanding economies and also to the new consumer logic.

In the carding process, this has led to increased creativity and the production of yarns that are even more unusual and precious in compositions with an inimitable fashion content. We now have “carded products in cashmere, angora, alpaca, mohair or other fine wools in blends with silk and viscose.
SORTING
The used clothing or cuttings of new fabrics used by the garment industry are sorted according to quality and color. In some cases linings, buttons, zippers, etc., have to be removed from the clothing. This is an important aspect of the process where the “hand and eye” of the expert worker are essential.
CARBONIZING
Carbonizing is a process that eliminates any vegetable impurities from the wool. Rags and cuttings are dry cleaned with hydrochloric acid, while new wool fiber is soaked in sulfuric acid. The treated fabrics or staples are then beaten to eliminate the carbonized particles.
TEARING
In this process, the rags become fiber again by being mechanically torn and washed: the two operations are carried out in tanks where the rags are forced by the current of the water through two pairs of cylinders with steel teeth that tear them. The fiber in then dried.[3]

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